1. Optical Fiber and Cable Standards (G-Series)
G.65x Series: Characteristics of Optical Fiber Cables
• G.652: Standard for single-mode optical fiber widely used in long-distance and metro networks.
• G.653: Dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fiber optimized for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM).
• G.654: Cut-off wavelength-shifted single-mode optical fiber for submarine systems.
• G.655: Non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fiber, supporting DWDM and long-haul applications.
• G.656: Optical fiber with wideband non-zero dispersion, used in coarse WDM (CWDM).
• G.657: Bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber for use in access networks and FTTH (Fiber to the Home).
2. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Standards
• G.671: General characteristics of optical components and subsystems used in DWDM and CWDM systems.
• G.698.1: Amplified single-channel optical interfaces for DWDM systems.
• G.698.2: Metro DWDM systems with multi-channel optical interfaces.
3. Optical Transport Network (OTN) Standards
• G.709: Defines the Optical Transport Network (OTN) framework, specifying the Optical Transport Unit (OTU) and digital wrapper technology for transparent transport of client signals.
• G.798: Architecture for optical transport equipment using optical channel multiplexing/demultiplexing.
• G.874: Management aspects of optical transport networks.
4. Passive Optical Network (PON) Standards
• G.983: Broadband Passive Optical Network (BPON) for delivering data and video services.
• G.984: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) for high-speed FTTH and FTTB deployments.
• G.987: 10-Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (XG-PON) for next-generation access networks.
• G.989: 40-Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (NG-PON2) with increased capacity and flexibility.
• G.9807.1: 10-Gigabit Symmetric PON (XGS-PON), a high-speed symmetric variant.
5. Ethernet over Optical Fiber
• G.8013/Y.1731: Standards for Ethernet over Transport and service operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM).
• G.8261: Synchronization of packet-based networks over optical fiber.
6. Fiber Optic Cables in Access Networks
• G.672: Characteristics of all-optical network elements for signal routing and switching.
• G.973: Characteristics of submarine optical cables and their management.
7. Synchronization and Timing
• G.8262: Defines synchronous Ethernet clocks over optical networks.
• G.8271: Time and phase synchronization over packet networks, including optical links.
8. Optical Network Physical Layer Standards
• G.664: Optical safety procedures for protecting equipment and personnel.
• G.680: Physical layer management for optical networks, including fault detection and performance monitoring.
• G.693: Optical interfaces for systems using multiple channel amplification.
9. High-Speed Network Standards
• G.698.3: Optical access networks supporting WDM.
• G.709.1: Advanced Optical Transport Networks supporting high-capacity signals (400G and beyond).
10. Maintenance and Testing
• L.59: Fiber optic cable maintenance guidelines.
• L.67: Installation of optical cables.
11. Emerging Technologies
• G.7701: Standardization of software-defined networking (SDN) for optical networks.
• G.872: Architecture of optical transport networks for software-defined systems.
• G.657: Standards for bend-insensitive optical fibers, which are critical for high-density urban deployments and access networks.
The ITU-T standards for optical technology cover a broad range of areas, including the design of optical fibers, WDM systems, OTN, PONs, synchronization, and network management. These standards play a key role in ensuring interoperability, reliability, and efficiency in global optical communication systems.
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